Dyslipidemia is a medical condition characterized by abnormal levels of lipids (fats) in the blood. High cholesterol is a type of dyslipidemia that occurs when there is too much LDL (low-density lipoprotein) or “bad” cholesterol in the blood. Here’s what you need to know about dyslipidemia and high cholesterol:
Causes:
- Genetic factors
- Poor diet, high in saturated and trans fats
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Obesity or overweight
- Diabetes
- Hypothyroidism
- Kidney disease
- Liver disease
- Certain medications, such as beta-blockers and steroids
Symptoms: Dyslipidemia and high cholesterol typically do not cause any symptoms. The only way to know if you have high cholesterol is to have a blood test.
Diagnosis: A blood test called a lipid profile is used to diagnose dyslipidemia and high cholesterol. The lipid profile measures levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL (high-density lipoprotein) or “good” cholesterol, and triglycerides.
- Eating a heart-healthy diet that is low in saturated and trans fats.
- Increasing physical activity
- Losing weight if overweight or obese
- Quitting smoking
- Limiting alcohol consumption
In addition to lifestyle changes, medication may be prescribed to lower cholesterol levels. There are several types of medication available, including:
- Statins
- Bile acid sequestrants
- Ezetimibe
- PCSK9 inhibitors
Complications: Untreated dyslipidemia and high cholesterol can lead to a variety of complications, including:
- Atherosclerosis (hardening and narrowing of the arteries)
- Heart attack
- Stroke
- Peripheral artery disease
- High blood pressure
Prevention: Prevention of dyslipidemia and high cholesterol involves maintaining a healthy lifestyle. This includes:
- Eating a heart-healthy diet
- Getting regular physical activity
- Maintaining a healthy weight
- Not smoking
- Limiting alcohol consumption
It’s also important to have regular check-ups with a healthcare provider to monitor cholesterol levels and manage dyslipidemia if necessary.
